"[…] the painter cannot produce any form or figure […] if first this form or figure is not imagined and reduced into a mental image (idea) by the inward wits. And to paint, one needs acute senses and a good imagination with which one can get to know the things one sees in such a way that, once these things are not present anymore and transformed into mental images (fantasmi), they can be presented to the intellect. In the second stage, the intellect by means of its judgement puts these things together and, finally, in the third stage the intellect turns these mental images […] into a finished composition which it afterwards represents in painting by means of its ability to cause movement in the body." (Romano Alberti, "Della nobiltà della Pittura", 1585)
"At first sight the assimilative tendency shown by thought seems sufficient to secure stability in judgments. To assimilate, in psychology as in biology, is to reproduce oneself by means of the external world; it is to transform perceptions until they are identical with one’s own thought, i.e. with previous schemas. Assimilation is therefore preservation and, in a certain sense, identification." (Jean Piaget, "Judgement and Reasoning in the Child", 1928)
"When an active individual of sound common sense perceives the sordid state of the world, desire to change it becomes the guiding principle by which he organizes given facts and shapes them into a theory. The methods and categories as well as the transformation of the theory can be understood only in connection with his taking of sides. This, in turn, discloses both his sound common sense and the character of the world. Right thinking depends as much on right willing as right willing on right thinking." (Max Horkheimer, "The Latest Attack on Metaphysics", 1937)
"The problem of the transformation of images is of great importance in the theory of economic development. […] The problem here is that of the initiation and imitation of superior processes. Both these phenomena require transformation of the image; a new process always starts as a new image, as a new idea. The process itself is merely a form of transcription of the new image." (Kenneth E Boulding, "The Image: Knowledge in life and society", 1956)
"Knowing reality means constructing systems of transformations that correspond, more or less adequately, to reality. They are more or less isomorphic to transformations of reality. The transformational structures of which knowledge consists are not copies of the transformations in reality; they are simply possible isomorphic models among which experience can enable us to choose. Knowledge, then, is a system of transformations that become progressively adequate." (Jean Piaget, "Genetic Epistemology", 1968)
"Models are not intended to either reflect or construct a single objective reality. Rather, their purpose is to simulate some aspect of a possible reality. In NLP, for instance, it is not important whether or not a model is 'true' , but rather that it is 'useful'. In fact, all models can be perceived as symbolic or metaphoric, as opposed to reflective of reality. Whether the description being used is metaphorical or literal, the usefulness of a model depends on the degree to which it allows us to move effectively to the next step in the sequence of transformations connecting deeper structures and surface structures. Instead of 'constructing' reality, models establish a set of functions that serve as a tool or a bridge between deep structures and surface structures. It is this bridge that forms our 'understanding' of reality and allows us to generate new experiences and expressions of reality." (Richard Bandler & John Grinder, "The Structure of Magic", 1975)
"From the NLP perspective, there are inductive transformations, through which we perceive patterns in, and build maps of, the world around us; and there are deductive transformations, through which we describe and act on our perceptions and models of the world. Inductive transformations involve the process of 'chunking up' to find the deeper structure patterns ('concepts', 'ideas', 'universals', etc.) in the collections of experiences we receive through our senses. Deductive transformations operate to 'chunk down' our experiential deep structures into surface structures; rendering general ideas and concepts into specific words, actions and other forms of behavioral output." (Robert B Dilts, "Modeling with NLP", 1998)
"Modeling is essentially a process of 'sharing ideas'. The ability to model effectively opens the door to many possibilities that have previously been unavailable to humankind. In addition to providing a methodology which can be used to make ideas more explicit and easier to communicate, modeling can transform the way we view and perceive one another." (Robert B Dilts, "Modeling with NLP", 1998)
"Models are not intended to either reflect or construct a single objective reality. Rather, their purpose is to simulate some aspect of a possible reality. In NLP, for instance, it is not important whether or not a model is 'true', but rather that it is 'useful'. In fact, all models can be perceived as symbolic or metaphoric, as opposed to reflective of reality. Whether the description being used is metaphorical or literal, the usefulness of a model depends on the degree to which it allows us to move effectively to the next step in the sequence of transformations connecting deeper structures and surface structures. Instead of 'constructing' reality, models establish a set of functions that serve as a tool or a bridge between deep structures and surface structures. It is this bridge that forms our 'understanding' of reality and allows us to generate new experiences and expressions of reality." (Robert B Dilts, "Modeling with NLP", 1998)
"Reality is a set of structural transforms of primary data taken from the world. The conversion of primary data into structures involves the selective deletion, distortion or generalization of primary data. The mind can neither mirror nor construct reality. 'Stronger' structures are formed from 'weaker' structures through selective destruction of information. Primary data becomes meaningful only after a series of such operations has transformed it to be congruent with a preexisting structure." (Robert B Dilts, "Modeling with NLP", 1998)
"The creation of certainty seems to be a fundamental tendency of human minds. The perception of simple visual objects reflects this tendency. At an unconscious level, our perceptual systems automatically transform uncertainty into certainty, as depth ambiguities and depth illusions illustrate." (Gerd Gigerenzer, "Calculated Risks: How to know when numbers deceive you", 2002)
"[...] maps, like many other kinds of visualizations, distort the 'truth' to tell a larger truth. The processes that abstract, schematize, supplement, and distort the world outside onto the world of a page, filtering, leveling, sharpening, categorizing, and otherwise transforming, are the same processes the nervous system and the brain apply to make sense of the barrage of stimuli the world provides."
"One of the most powerful transformational catalysts is knowledge, new information, or logic that defies old mental models and ways of thinking. […] The key to transforming mental models is to interrupt the automatic responses that are driven by the old model and respond differently based on the new model. Each time you are able to do this, you are actually loosening the old circuit and creating new neural connections in your brain, often referred to as self-directed neuroplasticity." (Elizabeth Thornton, "The Objective Leader", 2015)
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